A web page or webpage is a document or resource of information that is suitable for the World Wide Web and can be accessed through a web browser and displayed on a computer screen.
This information is usually in HTML or XHTML format, and may provide navigation to other web pages via hypertext links.
Web pages may be retrieved from a local computer or from a remote web server. The web server may restrict access only to a private network, e.g. a corporate intranet, or it may publish pages on the World Wide Web. Web pages are requested and served from web servers using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
Web pages may consist of files of static text stored within the web server's file system (static web pages), or the web server may construct the (X)HTML for each web page when it is requested by a browser (dynamic web pages). Client-side scripting can make web pages more responsive to user input once in the client browser.
Color, typography, illustration and interaction
Web pages usually include information as to the colors of text and backgrounds and very often also contain links to images and sometimes other media to be included in the final view.
Layout, typographic and color-scheme information is provided by Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) instructions, which can either be embedded in the HTML or can be provided by a separate file, which is referenced from within the HTML. The latter case is especially relevant where one lengthy stylesheet is relevant to a whole website: due to the way HTTP works, the browser will only download it once from the web server and use the cached copy for the whole site.
Images are stored on the web server as separate files, but again HTTP allows for the fact that once a web page is downloaded to a browser, it is quite likely that related files such as images and stylesheets will be requested as it is processed. An HTTP 1.1 web server will maintain a connection with the browser until all related resources have been requested and provided. Browsers usually render images along with the text and other material on the displayed web page.
Elements of a web page
A web page, as an information set, can contain numerous types of information, which is able to be seen, heard or interact by the end user:
Perceived (rendered) information:
* Textual information: with diverse render variations.
* Non-textual information:
o Static images on raster graphics, typically GIF, JPEG or PNG; or vector formats as SVG or Flash.
o Animated images typically Animated GIF and SVG, but also may be Flash, Shockwave, or Java applet.
o Audio, typically MIDI or WAV formats or Java applets.
o Video, WMV (Windows), RM (Real Media), FLV (Flash Video), MPG, MOV (Quicktime)
* Interactive information: more complex, glued to interface; see dynamic web page.
o For "on page" interaction:
+ Interactive text: see DHTML.
+ Interactive illustrations: ranging from "click to play" image to games, typically using script orchestration, Flash, Java applets, SVG, or Shockwave.
+ Buttons: forms providing alternative interface, typically for use with script orchestration and DHTML.
o For "between pages" interaction:
+ Hyperlinks: standard "change page" reactivity.
+ Forms: providing more interaction with the server and server-side databases.
Internal (hidden) information:
* Comments
* Metadata with semantic meta-information, Charset information, Document Type Definition (DTD), etc.
* Diagramation and style information: information about rendered items (like image size attributes) and visual specifications, as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).
* Scripts, usually JavaScript, complement interactivity and functionality.
Note: on server-side the web page may also have "Processing Instruction Information Items".
The web page can also contain dynamically adapted information elements, dependent upon the rendering browser or end-user location (through the use of IP address tracking and/or "cookie" information).
From a more general/wide point of view, some information (grouped) elements, like a navigation bar, are uniform for all website pages, like a standard. These kind of "website standard information" are supplied by technologies like web template systems.
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